3D scanning of objects, three-dimensional modelling of products

While modern technical solutions focus on the possibilities of 3D printing, another technology — perhaps an even greater breakthrough — is radically transforming the stages of product development, design, manufacturing, quality control and archiving. This is 3D scanning, a method of collecting information about a real object for further digital use.

A 3D scanner is a three-dimensional measuring device that collects data about a physical object or environment; the data is then analysed and converted into a high-polygon three-dimensional model.

3D scanners are classified by various criteria, such as scanning technology, measuring range or field of application:

• Triangulation laser scanners. They work on the principle of optical triangulation: the laser projects a beam onto the object, and a camera positioned at a certain angle to the laser reads its reflection to determine the distance to a point on the object.
• Time-of-flight laser scanners. They measure the time the laser beam takes to reach the object and return, in order to determine the distance to it.
• Structured light. These project defined light patterns (often stripes or a grid) onto the object. Deviations in the projected pattern are measured by a camera to build a 3D image of the object.
• Photogrammetric or stereophotogrammetric scanners. They use photographs taken from different angles to reconstruct 3D models of objects.

What are the advantages of 3D scanners?

• High accuracy, speed and reliability of 3D scanning
• Complete and detailed analysis of the data obtained
• The ability to obtain and edit a digital model of complex objects with minimal time input
• A shorter production cycle and lower costs
• Flexibility, convenience and ease of use
• Minimisation of the human factor
• The possibility of automation

What tasks does 3D scanning solve?

• Wear analysis of complex geometric objects
• Reverse engineering
• Control of geometry deviations
• Measurement of buildings and premises for reconstruction or redevelopment
• Geodetic and engineering surveys
• Digital archiving
• Preparation for object visualisation